6/28. News

 
 
 
Thursday, June 28, 2012
 
JSC TODAY HEADLINES
1.            Joint Leadership Team Web Poll
2.            Network Outages for Off-Site Contractors Tonight from 6 p.m. to Midnight
3.            Get to Know the Orion Team
4.            Dave's JSC Space Riders 2012 National Ride to Work Day
5.            July Wellness Classes - Enrollment is Open
6.            Starport Summer Camp
7.            Confined Space Entry 8:30 a.m. and Lockout/Tagout 1 p.m., July 24, Building 226N, Room 174
8.            Fall Protection Authorized User: July 25, Building 226N, Room 174
________________________________________     QUOTE OF THE DAY
“ To feel valued, to know, even if only once in a while, that you can do a job well is an absolutely marvelous feeling. ”
 
-- Barbara Walters
________________________________________
1.            Joint Leadership Team Web Poll
Catching up on poll answers ...The first spacecraft to visit Venus was Mariner, not Magellan. That was a little tricky. Colonel Hogan's old unit did not disband after he was captured. They went to work on the Manhattan Project instead. How's that for obscure trivia? This week I'm in full summertime mode (love the heat), and I'm serving up both a July Fourth trivia question and a Summer Olympics trivia question. These would be your summer "light reading" questions. Can you spot the untrue statement about July Fourth? While you're at it, there is a bogus sport listed as one of the Olympic events. Know what it is? Dressage? Trampoline? Ping-Pong?
 
Hot Dog your Apple Pie on over to get this week's poll and have a safe Fourth of July Holiday!
 
Joel Walker x30541 http://jlt.jsc.nasa.gov/
 
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2.            Network Outages for Off-Site Contractors Tonight from 6 p.m. to Midnight
On Thursday, June 28, from 6 p.m. to midnight, several off-site contractors will lose network connectivity to the JSC network because JSC's Center Operations Directorate will be doing maintenance work on Building 45's power.
 
Impacts include accessibility to email (NOMAD), internet (if connecting through JSC) and may impact other JSC resources.
 
The following off-site buildings will be impacted:
 
L3 Communications - 1002 Gemini
 
Raytheon - 555 Forge River
 
SAIC - 902 Gemini
 
Hamilton - 18050 Saturn
 
2200 Space Park
 
Akima and Odyssey - 1120 NASA Parkway
 
1331 Gemini
 
Regents Park III
 
Wylie and Lockheed MDA - 1300 Hercules ( Parsec I)
 
Wylie - 1290 Hercules (Parsec II)
 
Draper - 17629 El Camino
 
Bastion - 17625 El Camino
 
Jacobs building - 2224 Bay Area
 
1322 Space Park
 
18108 Point Lookout
 
For more information contact the Network Operations Center at 281-244-2721.
 
Thank you for your patience in this matter.
 
JSC IRD Outreach x42721 http://ird.jsc.nasa.gov
 
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3.            Get to Know the Orion Team
With the first Orion spacecraft on its way to the launch site in preparation for the vehicle's first space flight test, Exploration Flight Test-1 planned for 2014, it is time to learn more about the JSC team behind Orion. Get to know Stuart McClung, Orion Crew Module Landing and Recovery System Functional Area Manager at http://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/home/orion_mcclung_profile.html
 
The profile continues a series to introduce the people behind the development of the spacecraft.
 
JSC External Relations, Office of Communications and Public Affairs x35111
 
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4.            Dave's JSC Space Riders 2012 National Ride to Work Day
June 18, 2012, was National Ride to Work Day. Dave's JSC Space Riders braved the threat of foul weather and rode their motorcycles to work. They also got together for a group photo at Space Center Houston's newest display, the Space Shuttle. The group photo tradition began in 2007 when the late David Beverly gathered the JSC Space Riders at iconic JSC locations Rocket Park in 2006 and Ellington Field's KC-135 in 2007.
 
To see photos of Dave's JSC Space Riders taken June 18 at Space Center Houston visit https://io.jsc.nasa.gov/app/browse.cfm?cid=35632
 
Duncan Finlayson x47749
 
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5.            July Wellness Classes - Enrollment is Open
Exploration Wellness educational classes continue this July during lunch time. Join us in a conference room near you!
 
Coming Next Week - July 2:
Is it Diet or Eating Disorder
Join Takis Bogdanos, MA, LPC, CGP, of the JSC Employee Assistance Program as he presents an overview on Eating Disorders, prevalence, latest treatments and how to support a person who is afflicted by them.
 
Also available in July:
Fitness:
Exercise Role in Disease, Ageing and Gender
Choosing Athletic Footwear
 
Nutrition:
Supplements: Things Every Consumer Should Know
Overcoming Weight Loss Barriers
 
Stress Management:
Positive Behavior: How to Make Changes Last
 
Personal Finance:
Introductory Level:
Financial Wellness Foundation, Budgets, Debt, Insurance, Long Term Care
Investing, Retirement, Taxes and Estate Planning
 
Intermediate Level:
Insurance; What If …
Maximize your Investments
Retire with Confidence, Level II
 
Online Webinar: 100 percent Debt Free for Life, Including Your Mortgage!
 
 
See link for details and online registration.
 
Jessica Vos x41383 http://www.explorationwellness.com/web/scripts/AwarenessAndEducation.aspx
 
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6.            Starport Summer Camp
There is no camp next week due to the Fourth of July holiday, but we will back in full swing the week after! There are still spots available in some sessions, but hurry before they fill up! If you are still looking for fun and exciting activities to keep your children active and entertained for the summer, it's not too late to register for Starport Summer Camp at the Gilruth Center! To check availability, call the Gilruth front desk at x30304. Visit http://starport.jsc.nasa.gov/camp/index.cfm for more details on the session themes and planned activities.
 
Shelly Harlason x39168 http://starport.jsc.nasa.gov/
 
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7.            Confined Space Entry 8:30 a.m. and Lockout/Tagout 1 p.m., July 24, Building 226N, Room 174
SMA-SAFE-NSTC-0806,Confined Space Entry - The purpose of this course is to provide employees with the standards, procedures and requirements necessary for safe entry to and operations in confined spaces. OSHA standard 29 CFR 1910.146, "Confined Space," is the basis for this course. The course covers the hazards of working in or around a confined space and the precautions you should take to control these hazards. A comprehensive test will be offered at the end of the class.
SMA-SAFE-NSTC-0814,Lockout/Tagout - The purpose of this course is to provide employees with the standards, procedures and requirements necessary for the control of hazardous energy through lockout and tagout of energy-isolating devices. OSHA standard 29 CFR 1910.147, "The Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout)," is the basis for this course. A comprehensive test will be offered at the end of the class.
 
Shirley Robinson x41284
 
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8.            Fall Protection Authorized User: July 25, Building 226N, Room 174
SMA-SAFE-NSTC-0311-AU - This class is geared to training the Authorized User persons, who are the end-users of the fall-protection equipment and teaches the proper methods for utilizing fall-protection equipment at heights. Upon completion of this course, the student should: Understand all stages of the fall protection hierarchy; Know the four parts of a fall-arrest system; Understand the fall-protection training requirements; Be able to demonstrate the proper donning of the harness and proper usage of the equipment; Be able to identify when and where the equipment is needed; Be able to inspect fall-protection equipment; Know how to properly care for and maintain fall-protection equipment; And be familiar with the effects of harness tension and pressures of the harness on the body. There will be a final exam associated with this course.
 
 
Shirley Robinson x41284
 
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________________________________________
JSC Today is compiled periodically as a service to JSC employees on an as-submitted basis. Any JSC organization or employee may submit articles. To see an archive of previous JSC Today announcements, go to http://www6.jsc.nasa.gov/pao/news/jsctoday/archives.
 
 
 
 
NASA TV:
·         9:10 am Central (10:10 EDT) – Exp 31 w/Houston Chronicle & NPR’s “Science Friday”
 
Human Spaceflight News
Thursday, June 28, 2012
 
HEADLINES AND LEADS
 
Shenzhou-9 spacecraft to return Friday morning
 
Xinhua News Agency
 
The Shenzhou-9 manned spacecraft will return to Earth around 10 a.m. Beijing Time Friday (10 pm EDT tonight), a spokesperson for China's manned space program announced here Thursday. A manual operation successfully separated the Shenzhou-9 spacecraft and the Tiangong-1 lab module Thursday morning, according to the Beijing Aerospace Control Center. It was the first time for China's spacecraft and target module to be manually disjoined.
 
Chinese astronauts undock from orbiting module ahead of Thur landing
 
Mike Wall - Space.com
 
Three Chinese astronauts undocked their spacecraft from an orbiting robotic module Wednesday and began preparing to return to Earth Thursday night. China's Shenzhou 9 vehicle separated from the unmanned Tiangong 1 space lab Wednesday evening, according to China's state-run Xinhua news agency. The mission's three taikonauts, as Chinese astronauts are known, returned to Shenzhou 9 to begin the maneuver at 6 p.m. EDT (2200 GMT; 6:00 a.m. Thursday Beijing time). The spaceflyers are expected to land around 10 p.m. EDT Thursday (June 28; 10 a.m. Friday Beijing time), Xinhua reported.
 
Visions of a better NASA
 
Jim Hillhouse - AmericaSpace.org
 
If you were able to go back in time and ask Americans during the Mercury, Gemini, or Apollo era what the goal of the nation’s space program was, the answer would be far clearer than that one would receive from the present-day. So while Americans proudly admired the Space Shuttle Discovery as it flew over the Washington, D.C. area, lost on them was the stark fact that, for the first time since Americans launched John Glenn, the United States has neither the means to send its astronauts into space nor a space policy to explore beyond Earth. That is, as Representative Frank Wolf points out in his letter to the National Academies’ Space Studies Board, because “[w]hile there is strong congressional support for American astronauts to return to the Moon, and eventually travel to Mars, the Administration still refuses to articulate a clear mission for NASA’s exploration program“.
 
A penny for NASA? That’s what that petition was worth
 
SpacePolitics.com
 
Earlier this year, inspired at least in part by comments from astronomer and science communicator Neil deGrasse Tyson upon the release of his latest collection of essays, some space activists started a petition on the White House website asking for NASA’s budget to be, at a minimum, doubled. “Tomorrow is gone without NASA,” the petition pleaded. “Please at least double NASA’s annual budget, and continue to support the most inspirational program in the country.” Wednesday, the White House’s Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) published the administration’s official response to the petition. The response, though, doesn’t directly address the petitioners’ request: that NASA’s budget be doubled. “NASA and space are so important to our future that we do need to be doubling and tripling what we can accomplish in this domain.”
 
Space Station Experiment Simulates Earth's Magma
 
Nola Taylor Redd - Space.com
 
Outer space seems an unlikely place to study movement beneath the Earth's surface, but an experiment that was performed on the International Space Station is helping scientists do just that. Geoflow II, a simulation of magma movement in Earth's mantle, is helping scientists study how heat and pressure influence the behavior of molten rock, in an experiment that couldn't have been duplicated on Earth.
 
UAH professor part of international space station cosmic ray research
 
Mike Kelley - Huntsville Times
 
A UAHuntsville physics professor is part of a worldwide team of scientists planning to fly a cosmic ray sensing device on the International Space Station that will try to shed light on the causes of cosmic ray acceleration. In a presentation to the first annual International Space Station R & D conference in Denver, Colorado Dr. James Adams, Jr. said the Extreme Universe Space Observatory will be used to conduct an investigation to discover "cosmic accelerators" that produce the highest energy particles in the universe. The EUSO device, best described as a sophisticated video camera, will be attached to the exposed facility (EF) of the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM).
 
Graphic shows where Huntsville's rocket stage fits into NASA's plan
 
Lee Roop - Huntsville Times
 

 
The core stage of NASA's new heavy-lift rocket just passed a critical design review at Huntsville's Marshall Space Flight Center, but just what is the core stage? Core of what? A graphic posted on Marshall's website shows an artist's conception of where the core fits in the new rocket system's design. NASA calls the new system the Space Launch System or SLS. It consists of the core stage, two strap-on solid rocket boosters and an upper stage topped by the Orion crew capsule. Marshall is designing the core, which will hold liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen fuel for the space shuttle main engines that will lift the rocket into deep space.
 
Museum of Flight volunteer recalls his work on Full Fuselage Trainer
 
Jack Broom - Seattle Times
 
Don't look for Ray Fletcher on the podium outside the Museum of Flight on Saturday. The retired Boeing electrical engineer, now a volunteer at the museum, won't be among the dignitaries welcoming NASA's Full Fuselage Trainer (FFT) to Seattle. But he will be one of the few people on hand who actually has been in it. "It was a long time ago, an interesting project," said Fletcher, 63. On Saturday, Fletcher's assignments are likely to be routine — guarding a fence line or keeping visitors at a safe distance.
 
Waiting in Seattle
 
Michael Mecham - Aviation Week
 
Seattle's Museum of Flight, which is across the street from Boeing Field, is awaiting the arrival on Saturday of N941NA, the last flying Super Guppy, with the Space Shuttle Trainer in its big belly. The arrival is timed for a welcoming ceremony at 11 a.m. with Washington Gov. Christine Gregoire and others on hand. The simulator will be on display Sunday and depart Monday.
 
Space shuttle trainer lifts off for Seattle on NASA's Super Guppy aircraft
 
Robert Pearlman – collectSPACE.com
 
A space shuttle crew cabin took off with a veteran astronaut on Wednesday morning, but rather than the shuttle lofting the pilot, it was the astronaut — flying a large NASA cargo plane — who was taking the shuttle trainer skyward. Astronaut Greg C. Johnson, together with NASA pilot Dick Clark, left Ellington Field in Houston on board the Super Guppy, a wide-bodied turboprop aircraft previously used to deliver the room-size modules of the International Space Station to their Florida launch site. Wednesday's cargo was the equally large crew cabin from the Full Fuselage Trainer (FFT), a life-size space shuttle mockup that was used by every person who flew on the shuttle while training at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston.
 
Cancelled: Apollo 15 and Apollo 19 (1970)
 
David Portree - Wired.com
 
On Aug. 5 and 13, 1970, NASA Administrator Thomas Paine dispatched letters on the future of the U.S. lunar program to the Lunar and Planetary Missions Board (LPMB) and the Space Science Board (SSB) of the National Academy of Sciences National Research Council. In his letters, he outlined three options for curtailing Project Apollo. Of these, the first (Option I) would cancel one Apollo mission, while the others would nix two. The options he described were in part aimed at avoiding a delay in the Skylab Program, which constituted a step toward Paine’s favorite 1970s NASA goal: a 12-man Earth-orbiting space station that would be staffed and resupplied using a fully reusable Space Shuttle.
 
Daniel J. Fink, aeronautics consultant
 
Bart Barnes - Washington Post
 
Daniel J. Fink, 85, an aeronautics and aerospace consultant who from 1983 to 1988 was chairman of the NASA Advisory Council, died June 1 at a hospice in Carlsbad, Calif. He died of respiratory distress related to the effects of polio suffered as a child, said his wife, Tobie Fink.
__________
 
COMPLETE STORIES
 
Shenzhou-9 spacecraft to return Friday morning
 
Xinhua News Agency
 
The Shenzhou-9 manned spacecraft will return to Earth around 10 a.m. Beijing Time Friday (10 pm EDT tonight), a spokesperson for China's manned space program announced here Thursday.
 
A manual operation successfully separated the Shenzhou-9 spacecraft and the Tiangong-1 lab module Thursday morning, according to the Beijing Aerospace Control Center.
 
It was the first time for China's spacecraft and target module to be manually disjoined.
 
The three Chinese astronauts returned to Shenzhou-9 from Tiangong-1 at 6 a.m. Beijing Time Thursday, in order to prepare for the manual separation attempt.
 
Liu Wang, one of the astronauts, conducted the operation to separate Shenzhou-9 and the orbiting Tiangong-1. He will continue to manually operate and direct the spacecraft to a safe distance from the lab module.
 
During their stay in Tiangong-1, all experiments and tests were finished as scheduled and produced valuable data, said Chen Shanguang, chief commander of the mission's astronaut system.
 
"The data will help us improve technologies for astronauts' future, long-term stays in a space station," he said.
 
All data and samples have been moved to the return capsule of the spacecraft, and the lab module has been restored to its pre-docking status, said the control center.
 
Tiangong-1 will return to its previous orbit and wait for another spacecraft.
 
The lab module is designed to operate for two years and host six docking procedures. It has been operating for 272 days and undergone four docking procedures with the Shenzhou-8 and Shenzhou-9 spaceships, to date.
 
"Based on current conditions, the service of Tiangong-1 can be extended," said He Yu, chief commander of the Shenzhou-9 spacecraft. "It has consumed less than one-fourth of its fuel and no back-up systems have been used."
 
If the systems were improved and its operation was under careful monitoring and control, the service could be much longer, he said.
 
"If Tiangong-1 was in perfect shape, it could work side by side with Tiangong-2, which will be launched in the future," he said.
 
The Shenzhou-9 spacecraft carried the astronauts, including the first Chinese female, into space on June 16 from a launch center in northwest China's Gobi desert.
 
On Sunday, the astronauts successfully completed a manual docking between Shenzhou-9 and Tiangong-1, the first such attempt in China's history of space exploration, after an automated docking on June 18.
 
The success of the procedures shows that China has completely grasped space rendezvous and docking technologies and the country is fully capable of transporting humans and cargo to an orbiter in space, which is essential for the country's plans to build a space station around 2020.
 
Chinese President Hu Jintao spoke with the astronauts through a video communication system at the Beijing Aerospace Control Center on Tuesday.
 
The president thanked the astronauts for their contributions and wished them a "successful and safe return."
 
Chinese astronauts undock from orbiting module ahead of Thur landing
 
Mike Wall - Space.com
 
Three Chinese astronauts undocked their spacecraft from an orbiting robotic module Wednesday and began preparing to return to Earth Thursday night.
 
China's Shenzhou 9 vehicle separated from the unmanned Tiangong 1 space lab Wednesday evening, according to China's state-run Xinhua news agency. The mission's three taikonauts, as Chinese astronauts are known, returned to Shenzhou 9 to begin the maneuver at 6 p.m. EDT (2200 GMT; 6:00 a.m. Thursday Beijing time).
 
The spaceflyers are expected to land around 10 p.m. EDT Thursday (June 28; 10 a.m. Friday Beijing time), Xinhua reported. Their touchdown, in northern China's Inner Mongolia autonomous region, will wrap up a historic mission that has marked a big step forward in China's ambitious space plans.
 
"Chinese astronauts have their own home in space now," Shenzhou 9 commander Jing Haipeng told Chinese president Hu Jintao during a congratulatory space call Tuesday (June 26), according to Xinhua. "We are proud of our country!" [Photos of Shenzhou 9 Mission]
 
Shenzhou 9 launched on June 16 carrying three taikonauts, including 33-year-old Liu Yang, the nation's first woman in space. The mission aimed to pull off China's first-ever manned space docking, and it succeeded — twice. The vessel hooked up with Tiangong 1 via remote control on June 18 and then again June 24 with the taikonauts at the wheel.
 
China thus became just the third country to performed a manned docking in orbit. The United States and Russia first accomplished the feat in 1966 and 1969, respectively.
 
Shenzhou 9's flight is testing technology and techniques needed to build a permanently staffed space station in Earth orbit. Chinense officials have said the nation hopes to have a 60-ton station up and running by 2020.
 
For comparison, the $100 billion International Space Station weighs about 430 tons. The huge orbiting lab is run by a consortium of more than a dozen countries, but China is not among them.
 
China's space dreams don't end in low-Earth orbit. The nation has said it wants to return lunar samples to Earth with a robotic spacecraft by 2016 or so, and it plans to put a taikonaut on the moon sometime after the space station is built.
 
Shenzhou 9's other taikonaut is Liu Wang, 42, who steered Shenzhou 9 away from Tiangong 1 Wednesday evening. Jing, 46, also flew on China's last manned spaceflight, the Shenzhou 7 mission in 2008.
 
Shenzhou 9 is China's fourth manned space mission, with the other three flights coming in 2003, 2005 and 2008. The nation plans to launch another crew to Tiangong 1 soon, perhaps by the end of the year.
 
Tiangong 1 has been circling Earth since September 2011, and in November it linked up with the robotic Shenzhou 8 vessel, achieving China's first unmanned space docking.
 
Visions of a better NASA
 
Jim Hillhouse - AmericaSpace.org
 
If you were able to go back in time and ask Americans during the Mercury, Gemini, or Apollo era what the goal of the nation’s space program was, the answer would be far clearer than that one would receive from the present-day.
 
So while Americans proudly admired the Space Shuttle Discovery as it flew over the Washington, D.C. area, lost on them was the stark fact that, for the first time since Americans launched John Glenn, the United States has neither the means to send its astronauts into space nor a space policy to explore beyond Earth.
 
That is, as Representative Frank Wolf points out in his letter to the National Academies’ Space Studies Board, because “[w]hile there is strong congressional support for American astronauts to return to the Moon, and eventually travel to Mars, the Administration still refuses to articulate a clear mission for NASA’s exploration program“.
 
And though the Congressman, who chairs the House Appropriations Subcommittee with oversight for NASA, believes that NASA has reached new lows during the current Administration, he notes, and references a chart, that this has been a problem for NASA over the last few decades.
 
Rep. Wolf asks the Board to consider three points:
 
·         •Were NASA being formed today, how would it be structured and what would be its priority programs?
·         •Like the FBI Director, should a NASA Administrator serve a 10-year term as a shield from White House pressure and to “…improve cohesiveness over multiple administrations“?
·         •Concurrent submission by NASA of its budget to both Congress and the Office of Management and Budget, as well as an outside Board of Directors for the Agency?
 
In his letter, House Commerce, Justice, Science (CJS) Appropriations Subcommittee Chairman Frank Wolf implores the Space Studies Board, which is meeting this week to review NASA’s strategic direction, as established in NASA’s fiscal year 2012 Commerce, Justice, Science Appropriations bill, to be “…bold and unreserved” and “bold, thought provoking, and inspired” in its assessment and recommendations, as its report will help inform Congress in next year’s deliberations over NASA’s authorization.
 
Rep. Wolf closes his letter with a handwritten note stating, “Thank you. This is important“.
 
A penny for NASA? That’s what that petition was worth
 
SpacePolitics.com
 
Earlier this year, inspired at least in part by comments from astronomer and science communicator Neil deGrasse Tyson upon the release of his latest collection of essays, some space activists started a petition on the White House website asking for NASA’s budget to be, at a minimum, doubled. “Tomorrow is gone without NASA,” the petition pleaded. “Please at least double NASA’s annual budget, and continue to support the most inspirational program in the country.”
 
Backed by a group called Penny4NASA, a reference to their desire to see NASA’s funding increased to one percent of the overall federal budget, the petition got the 25,000 signatures needed within 30 days to merit an official response from the White House.
Wednesday, the White House’s Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) published the administration’s official response to the petition. The response, though, doesn’t directly address the petitioners’ request: that NASA’s budget be doubled. “NASA and space are so important to our future that we do need to be doubling and tripling what we can accomplish in this domain,” reads the OSTP response, citing, among other things, increases in the number of vehicles that can access ISS, the 100-times-more-powerful James Webb Space Telescope, and the Mars rover Curiosity, with 10 times the mass of scientific instruments than the rover Opportunity.
 
But what about budgets? Here, OSTP warns of budget cuts proposed by the Republican-led House, whose budget plan “if spread evenly, would significantly cut NASA’s budget, forcing the deepest cuts to the space program since just after we landed on the Moon.” By comparison, “the Administration has proposed a NASA budget for FY 2013 that spares the agency from such cuts and yet will deliver more than ever from this essential driver of American innovation.” Not exactly the message those who signed the petition were necessarily looking for.
 
Of course, in today’s fiscal environment, with the scythe of sequestration looming over every discussion of the 2013 budget, doubling NASA’s budget—or even far more modest increases—isn’t very realistic. (There is also the issue of what fraction of the federal budget should be devoted to NASA, and whether even that metric makes sense, but that’s a discussion for another post.) If space advocates want to increase NASA’s budget, they’ll need to find another approach than a petition, and they’ll need far more than 25,000 people to support that effort.
 
Space Station Experiment Simulates Earth's Magma
 
Nola Taylor Redd - Space.com
 
Outer space seems an unlikely place to study movement beneath the Earth's surface, but an experiment that was performed on the International Space Station is helping scientists do just that.
 
Geoflow II, a simulation of magma movement in Earth's mantle, is helping scientists study how heat and pressure influence the behavior of molten rock, in an experiment that couldn't have been duplicated on Earth.
 
"The biggest problem on Earth is the gravitational acceleration. On the ISS, we have micro-gravity conditions," Florian Zaussinger, of Brandenburg University of Technology at Cottbus in Germany, explained.
 
The readings produced by a series of simulations in the Fluid Science Laboratory aboard the ISS are being studied by scientists on Earth.
 
"The Earth's mantle is a very complex fluid," Zaussinger told SPACE.com by email. "We know more about the sun's interior than about our own mantle."
 
A tiny planet in space
 
The Geoflow II payload included two concentric spheres that rotated, one inside the other, with silicone oil between them to simulate the mantle. The inner sphere, which represented the Earth's core, was warmer than the "crust" sphere. As the two rotated, scientists on Earth monitored the motion of the oil caused by variations in temperature and pressure.
 
At the same time, a high-voltage electric field created a controlled artificial gravity for the spheres, directing it toward the common center of the spheres, as gravity on a planet would function.
 
The space station doesn't mimic the zero-gravity conditions of space, but it comes close. Zaussinger described the conditions as "unique and not possible in this way on Earth."
 
The mantle starts at 22 miles (35 kilometers) beneath the surface and can descend as deep as 1,800 miles (3,000 km). Drills have descended barely 8 miles (12 km), so scientists rely on models and calculations to understand how the mantle behaves.
 
Creating an analog of the layers of the Earth gives them something for comparing simulations.
 
GeoFlow II — the sequel to a study of convection within the Earth's core — simulated the molten rock beneath the crust, allowing European Space Agency astronaut André Kuipers to observe plumes of hot liquid rising toward the outer shell. Simulations predicted similar upwellings when extreme forces press on the mantle, and could explain the line of volcanoes that created the Hawaiian island chain. Movement of Earth's middle layer also could contribute to earthquakes.
 
Scientists from six universities in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom are analyzing the results. Understanding how the hot rocky mantle oozes could improve the overall understanding of fluid flows for industrial applications such as spherical gyroscopes, bearings, and centrifugal pumps.
 
Although the data is fresh, it is already providing some insights. "We found significant differences to existing models," Zaussinger said.
 
In 2008, the original GeoFlow studied flows in the Earth's core and composition. After returning to Earth, it was modified to study the patterns in the mantle, then launched in February of 2011.
 
A third mission is slated to run this fall.
 
UAH professor part of international space station cosmic ray research
 
Mike Kelley - Huntsville Times
 
A UAHuntsville physics professor is part of a worldwide team of scientists planning to fly a cosmic ray sensing device on the International Space Station that will try to shed light on the causes of cosmic ray acceleration.
 
In a presentation to the first annual International Space Station R & D conference in Denver, Colorado Dr. James Adams, Jr. said the Extreme Universe Space Observatory will be used to conduct an investigation to discover "cosmic accelerators" that produce the highest energy particles in the universe.
 
The experiment was conceived by another UAHuntsville physics professor, Dr. Yoshi Takahashi, who conducted research into cosmic ray identification before he died more than two years ago. "It was his idea," said Dr. Adams. "He got everyone interested in it."
 
The EUSO device, best described as a sophisticated video camera, will be attached to the exposed facility (EF) of the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) on the International Space Station. Dubbed the JEM-EUSO, the device is being developed by an international collaboration of more than 250 physicists and other researchers from 13 nations led by the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) and the Japanese Space Agency (JAXA).
 
Adams explained that as cosmic rays move through Earth's upper atmosphere, they generate a fluorescent light effect that makes them detectable.
 
The KEM-EUSO is a huge video camera with three optical lenses. It focuses the fluorescent light from cosmic rays onto a special electronic focal surface. Adams said the video clips of cosmic rays passing through Earth's atmosphere will allow scientists to determine the direction from which the rays arrived and discover their sources, a question that has longed puzzled astronomers.
 
"You could say it will produce a movie, and that movie will indicate which way the ray is coming from," he said.
 
"We're trying to answer one of the most important questions posed by the National Research Council, which 'How do cosmic accelerators work and what are they accelerating?" Adams said. "We've never actually found out where cosmic rays come from, and we'd like to find out."
 
Cosmic rays are high energy subatomic particles coming from space. Astronomers know they are electrically charged and therefore bent by magnetic fields in space, said Adams.
 
"Because of this bending, the rays reaching Earth do not point back to their sources except at the highest energies. This has made it impossible until now for us to find their sources," Adams explained.
 
The schedule calls for the JEM-EUSO to be launched by 2017 on a three-year ISS mission that could be extended to five years if NASA decides to keep the space station in orbit beyond 2020.
 
Graphic shows where Huntsville's rocket stage fits into NASA's plan
 
Lee Roop - Huntsville Times
 

 
The core stage of NASA's new heavy-lift rocket just passed a critical design review at Huntsville's Marshall Space Flight Center, but just what is the core stage? Core of what? A graphic posted on Marshall's website shows an artist's conception of where the core fits in the new rocket system's design.
 
NASA calls the new system the Space Launch System or SLS. It consists of the core stage, two strap-on solid rocket boosters and an upper stage topped by the Orion crew capsule. Marshall is designing the core, which will hold liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen fuel for the space shuttle main engines that will lift the rocket into deep space.
 
It will stand 200 feet tall with a diameter of 27.5 feet This is similar to the propulsion system that boosted the space shuttle into space, but the new crew capsule will sit on top of the tank -- as astronauts did on the Saturn V moon rockets.
 
Earlier this month, Marshall announced that Boeing, the core contractor, and NASA had presented "a full set of system requirements, design concepts and production approaches" for the new rocket to an independent review board. The board gave the green light to the plan, which means detailed construction blueprints can be drawn. "We are right on track," said NASA manager Tony Lavoie.
 
The first test flight of the new system is scheduled in 2017. NASA says "swift progress" is also being made on other components of the system. "The J-2X upper-stage rocket engine, developed by Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne for the future two-stage SLS, is being tested at Stennis Space Center in Mississippi," NASA says on its website.
 
"The prime contractor for the five-segment solid rocket boosters, ATK of Brigham City, Utah, has begun processing its first SLS hardware components in preparation for an initial qualification test in 2013."
 
Museum of Flight volunteer recalls his work on Full Fuselage Trainer
 
Jack Broom - Seattle Times
 
Don't look for Ray Fletcher on the podium outside the Museum of Flight on Saturday.
 
The retired Boeing electrical engineer, now a volunteer at the museum, won't be among the dignitaries welcoming NASA's Full Fuselage Trainer (FFT) to Seattle.
 
But he will be one of the few people on hand who actually has been in it.
 
"It was a long time ago, an interesting project," said Fletcher, 63.
 
On Saturday, Fletcher's assignments are likely to be routine — guarding a fence line or keeping visitors at a safe distance.
 
But the occasion brings back his memories of 1982 and trips to Houston to work on the FFT in the early stage of the shuttle program.
 
In the trainer's crew compartment, Fletcher installed electronic controls mimicking those astronauts would use in space to manipulate a Boeing-built rocket stage to launch a satellite.
 
It was a complex piece of work. The system had to help teach astronauts how to control the rocket — which Fletcher likened to a big firecracker — and give them immediate feedback on any mistakes they made.
 
Some of the equipment at Fletcher's disposal back then seems primitive by today's standards.
 
For instance, without a cellphone or an Internet connection, he set up a landline telephone and a rubber acoustic coupler in the FFT. If last-minute changes in the computer program needed to be made in Seattle, he could have received them by hooking the phone up to the coupler.
 
"Fortunately, we didn't need to do that, but since we had the telephone line, rather than let it go to waste, I used it to call my wife."
 
Later in his Boeing career, Fletcher spent 20 years working on military programs he says he still cannot discuss in detail — although he says they involved extensive travel.
 
He's been a volunteer at Museum of Flight since 2009, when the museum began providing space for the Boeing Employees Amateur Radio Society (BEARS), of which Fletcher is a member.
 
As a volunteer, he usually puts in 40 to 70 hours a month on a variety of tasks, but is most satisfied when they tap his background in electrical work.
 
He recently helped set up wiring for lighting to accommodate visitors in the museum's Boeing 747 — it has the first one ever built — in the museum's Airpark, adjacent to the Space Gallery.
 
And he hopes to help set up lighting and interpretive displays for the shuttle trainer.
 
"I think it's going to be fascinating to get that thing in here and be able to give people a look inside it."
 
Waiting in Seattle
 
Michael Mecham - Aviation Week
 
Seattle's Museum of Flight, which is across the street from Boeing Field, is awaiting the arrival on Saturday of N941NA, the last flying Super Guppy, with the Space Shuttle Trainer in its big belly.
 
The arrival is timed for a welcoming ceremony at 11 a.m. with Washington Gov. Christine Gregoire and others on hand. The simulator will be on display Sunday and depart Monday.
 
The Super Guppy was acquired from the European Space Agency in 1997 by NASA to support the International Space Station program. It was one of four adapted from a Boeing Stratocruiser by Aero Spacelines Inc. in 1962 to carry outsized loads. The others have been retired.
 
A Super Guppy's cargo compartment is 25 ft. tall, 25 ft. wide and 111 ft. long and can carry 26 tons. It has an internal volume of 39,000 cu. ft.
 
In an earlier era, the Super Guppies ferried airframe assemblies for Airbus.
 
The big airplane left Ellington Field in Houston today and will make stops in Arizona and California before reaching Seattle. 
 
The shuttle trainer is a full-sized mockup of the space shuttle orbiter without the wings and was used as a test bed for fleet upgrades and astronaut training. It includes flight quality systems, including a payload bay.
 
Space shuttle trainer lifts off for Seattle on NASA's Super Guppy aircraft
 
Robert Pearlman – collectSPACE.com
 
A space shuttle crew cabin took off with a veteran astronaut on Wednesday morning, but rather than the shuttle lofting the pilot, it was the astronaut — flying a large NASA cargo plane — who was taking the shuttle trainer skyward.
 
Astronaut Greg C. Johnson, together with NASA pilot Dick Clark, left Ellington Field in Houston on board the Super Guppy, a wide-bodied turboprop aircraft previously used to deliver the room-size modules of the International Space Station to their Florida launch site.
 
Wednesday's cargo was the equally large crew cabin from the Full Fuselage Trainer (FFT), a life-size space shuttle mockup that was used by every person who flew on the shuttle while training at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston. The shuttle program now over, the FFT is being delivered in segments to The Museum of Flight in Seattle, Washington for its public display.
 
The 28 foot (8.5 meter) long compartment — comprising the shuttle's iconic nose with its dual level flight- and mid-decks — was loaded into the Super Guppy's 111 foot (34 meter) long cargo hold last Friday. The bulbous aircraft features a unique hinged nose that can open more than 200 degrees, allowing large items like the crew cabin to be loaded and unloaded from the front.
 
The shuttle cabin and cargo craft combo took off Monday for a short 20 minute test flight before leaving for Seattle on Wednesday. The Super Guppy's three-day, four-leg trip will take it from Texas to California and onto Washington.
 
Shuttlefest scheduled
 
The Super Guppy is scheduled to touchdown at Seattle's Boeing Field at 11 a.m. PDT (2 p.m. EDT or 1800 GMT) on Saturday (June 30). The Museum of Flight will hold a public "Shuttlefest" celebrating the FFT cabin's arrival that morning.
 
After remarks by Johnson, museum president and CEO Doug King and Washington Governor Christine Gregoire, among others, the public will be invited to watch as the shuttle crew cabin is offloaded from the Super Guppy and moved into the museum's Charles Simonyi Space Gallery.
 
After all of the FFT's components are delivered to Seattle, the wingless shuttle mockup will be reassembled, nose to tail, in the Simonyi Gallery. The 15,500 square foot exhibit hall, which was originally built with a space-flown orbiter in mind, will be the centerpiece of a new permanent display opening this fall.
 
"Spaceflight Academy" will share the story of how shuttle astronauts trained for their flights and how the knowledge gained during the first 50 years of spaceflight has helped prepare humans to explore farther into the solar system. In addition to the FFT, the gallery displays its namesake's spacecraft, one of two Russian Soyuz that Simonyi flew on during his two self-funded trips to the space station.
 
Super shuttle
 
After the FFT crew cabin is offloaded, the public will get a chance to view the Super Guppy at The Museum of Flight. The plane will remain on display over the weekend before departing Seattle to return to Texas on Monday.
 
The Airbus-built Super Guppy is one of only five built, the only one still flying and the only one in NASA's fleet. It was acquired from the European Space Agency as part of a barter for flying experiments on two shuttle missions. It has been flying since 1983.
 
The Super Guppy however, is the latest version in a long line of Guppy cargo aircraft used by NASA. Past Guppys were used during the Gemini, Apollo and Skylab programs to transport spacecraft components.
 
Cancelled: Apollo 15 and Apollo 19 (1970)
 
David Portree - Wired.com
 
On Aug. 5 and 13, 1970, NASA Administrator Thomas Paine dispatched letters on the future of the U.S. lunar program to the Lunar and Planetary Missions Board (LPMB) and the Space Science Board (SSB) of the National Academy of Sciences National Research Council. In his letters, he outlined three options for curtailing Project Apollo.
 
Of these, the first (Option I) would cancel one Apollo mission, while the others would nix two. The options he described were in part aimed at avoiding a delay in the Skylab Program, which constituted a step toward Paine’s favorite 1970s NASA goal: a 12-man Earth-orbiting space station that would be staffed and resupplied using a fully reusable Space Shuttle. Members of the LPMB and the SSB held an urgent meeting to develop a response to Paine’s letters on Aug. 15-16, 1970, in Woods Hole, Massachusetts.
 
By the time the LPMB and SSB met, NASA had flown three manned lunar landing missions: Apollo 11 (July 16-24, 1969), which landed off-target on Mare Tranquillitatis; Apollo 12  (Nov. 14-24, 1969), which landed close by the derelict Surveyor 3 automated lander on Oceanus Procellarum, thereby demonstrating the pinpoint landing capability essential for geologic traverse planning; and perilous Apollo 13 (Apr. 11-17, 1970), which suffered an oxygen tank explosion in its Command and Service Module (CSM) that scrubbed its planned landing at Fra Mauro.
 
Of these, Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 were mainly engineering missions intended to prove the Apollo system, while Apollo 13 had been intended as the first science-focused mission. Paine had cancelled one Apollo mission, Apollo 20, in Jan. 1970 so that its Saturn V rocket could launch the Skylab Orbital Workshop into low-Earth orbit. That left six moon landings before the program concluded with Apollo 19.
 
The program meant to extend piloted lunar exploration deep into the 1970s, the Apollo Applications Program (AAP), had taken repeated funding hits since 1967, and so had abandoned its lunar ambitions, becoming  the strictly Earth-orbital Skylab Program in Feb. 1970. Some concepts proposed for AAP lunar missions – for example, three-day lunar surface stays and a manned roving vehicle – would find their way into Apollo before its end, but when Apollo ended, so would end piloted lunar exploration.
 
With the goal of a man on the moon by 1970 successfully attained, pressure had begun to build to cancel some or all of the remaining Apollo lunar missions. In the aftermath of the Apollo 13 accident, some policy-makers questioned the wisdom of continuing to place astronauts at risk. Apollo 11 had humbled the Soviets on the technological prestige front of the Cold War; future landings would do little to enhance prestige, they argued, but a single lost crew could erase much of what the U.S. had gained by being first on the moon.
 
In addition, President Richard Nixon’s Office of Management and Budget was eager to rein in Federal expenditures. By mid-1970, the U.S. was spending roughly the entire $25-billion cost of the Apollo Program every 10 weeks to wage war in Indochina. Though NASA’s budget had fallen to only about $4 billion in 1970, the agency still constituted a highly visible and thus highly vulnerable target for new cuts.
 
In their joint response to Paine, dated Aug. 24, 1970, LPMB chair John Findlay and SSB chair (and Nobel Laureate) Charles Townes reminded Paine that past scientific advisory boards – including one Townes had chaired, which prepared a Jan. 1969 report for then President-elect Nixon – had advised that NASA should continue manned lunar exploration throughout the 1970s, and that from 10 to 15 manned moon landings should be flown. They cited this when they refused to consider cutting more than one Apollo mission. The Townes Committee had, incidentally, expressly opposed Paine’s large Earth-orbiting station.
 
Apollo was, they told the NASA Administrator, of the greatest scientific importance. They explained that “the Apollo missions do not simply represent the study of a specific small planet but rather form the keystone for a near term understanding of planetary evolution.” They then wrote that
 
We respect the serious fiscal and programmatic constraints. . .However, it should be recognized that any reduction in the number of missions will seriously threaten the ability of the total Apollo program to answer first-order scientific questions. We are on the very beginning of a learning curve, and it is clear that the loss of one mission will have much greater than a proportional effect on the instrumented experiments and, more critically, on the design and execution of the geology experiments involving the astronauts.
 
Findlay and Townes explained that at Woods Hole the LPMB and SSB had considered three options for Apollo’s future, all different from Paine’s three options. Option I was to fly missions 14, 15, 16, and 17 about six months apart, fly missions to the Skylab A Orbital Workshop over a period of about 20 months, and then carry out Apollo missions 18 and 19 six months apart.
 
Missions 14 and 15 would be H-class walking missions, as had been 12 and 13; 16 and subsequent would be J-class missions. These would include a Lunar Module (LM) capable of increased lunar surface stay time, a lunar rover, improved lunar surface experiments, remote sensors on the CSM in lunar orbit, and a CSM-released lunar subsatellite. The long gap between Apollo 17 and 18 would permit lunar scientists to digest data from the previous missions and to design new experiments for the final pair. Findlay and Townes noted, however, that the gap might also make Apollo 18 and 19 vulnerable to budget cuts. Paine’s Option I had cut Apollo 15 and flown all the remaining missions before Skylab A.
 
The LPMB and SSB’s Option II was to cut Apollo 15, fly 14, 16, 17, 18, and 19 about six months apart, and then fly the Skylab A missions. Their Option III was to cut Apollo 15, fly 14, 16, 17, 18, and 19 five months apart, and then fly Skylab A. Paine’s Options II and III had both omitted 15 and 19.
 
As might be expected, the LPMB and SSB favored their Option I, which cut no missions. If, on the other hand, “retreat from Option I proves unavoidable,” they recommended their Option III. This would, they explained, sacrifice Apollo 15 to save Apollo 19, which, they explained, would include 20% of the Apollo program’s moonwalk time and cover 25% of the total area to be included in Apollo traverses. In addition, by reducing the time between launches, they hoped to limit the costly delay in Skylab A’s launch.
 
They conceded that most of the experiments planned for Apollo could be carried out even if both Apollos 15 and 19 were cut. However, an automated station in the passive seismic network would be lost, surface samples would not be obtained from two geologically significant locations, and several experiments would be flown only once, so would have no backup. They concluded by reiterating that the cuts Paine envisioned could prevent lunar scientists from answering first-order questions about the moon, and added that “the consequences of such failure for the future of [NASA] and, we believe, for large-scale science in this country are incalculable.”
 
In his reply to Townes and Findlay, dated Sept. 1, 1970, Paine announced that he had selected his Option II as originally proposed (that is, elimination of both Apollo 15 and 19). He explained that Option I was not feasible because prior budget cuts had forced a change from four-month to six-month gaps between Apollo flights. This might be reduced to five months “at some added cost,” he wrote. Even with the gaps between flights reduced, however, a delay of seven or eight months in the launch of Skylab A would occur, “requiring a high, non-productive expenditure to retain the [Skylab] teams beyond the scheduled launch date.” Paine did not address the LPMB and SSB’s suggestion that Apollos 18 and 19 fly after Skylab A.
 
Cutting 15 and 19, along with closing down Apollo operations in mid-1972 and terminating Saturn V after the Skylab A launch in late 1972, would, Paine explained, produce “substantial saving over the next four years.” This would place NASA “in a better position to keep our total program costs down while still pressing forward with our future plans for scientific and application programs and an integrated, low cost space transportation system.” Paine referred, of course, to the Earth-orbiting space station and shuttle he favored.
 
Paine invoked Apollo 13, then argued that selecting the minimum Apollo program option would enhance safety. Rather than arguing that fewer missions meant fewer chances for failure, he maintained that making cuts up front would preserve “momentum and morale,” keeping the NASA/industry team focused and thus reducing risk to crews. He asserted that “rather than risk the integrity of the entire program by cutting out a mission at a time in response to budgetary constraints, we feel we must now take a stand on what constitutes the minimum viable program and then carry it out effectively.”
 
The following day (Sept. 2, 1970), Paine held a press conference in which he announced his Apollo program cuts. The press conference was, as it turned out, one of Paine’s final public acts as NASA Administrator. Less than two weeks later (Sept. 15, 1970), he tendered his resignation effective Oct. 8, 1970.
 
Apollo 14 (Jan. 31-Feb. 9, 1971), the last H-class mission, landed at Fra Mauro. Alan Shepard and Ed Mitchell pushed the limits of walking astronauts by attempting to climb to the rim of Cone Crater, where geologists hoped that they could sample material from deep inside the Fra Mauro Formation.
 
Apollo 16, the first J-class flight, was renumbered Apollo 15 and launched on July 26, 1971. The Apollo 15 LM Falcon, bearing astronauts Dave Scott and James Irwin, landed at Hadley-Apennine, on the mountainous edge of Mare Imbrium, on July 30. They conducted three Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) traverses. Meanwhile, on board the CSM Endeavour in lunar orbit, Al Worden released a subsatellite and turned remote sensors and cameras toward the lunar surface. Apollo 15 splashed down in the Pacific Ocean on Aug. 7.
 
On Apollo 16 (Apr. 16-27, 1972), John Young and Charlie Duke landed at Descartes in the heavily cratered Lunar Highlands. As they deployed their LRV from the side of the LM Orion, Ken Mattingly ejected the panel covering sensors and cameras on board the orbiting CSM Casper. The last Apollo lunar mission, Apollo 17 (Dec. 7-19, 1972), touched down at Taurus-Littrow, on the edge of Mare Serenitatis, six months after Paine’s mid-1972 Apollo end date. Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt, the only professional geologist to reach the moon, used the LM Challenger as their surface exploration base while Ron Evans surveyed the moon from the orbiting CSM America.
 
The last Saturn V rocket to fly launched Skylab on May 14, 1973, again about six months after Paine’s planned date. Three crews docked with and worked aboard Skylab between June 1973 and Feb. 1974.
 
Nixon, meanwhile, opted to replace Apollo and Skylab with a partially reusable Space Shuttle (but no Space Station). He had in fact never supported Paine’s plans, and had even considered concluding Apollo after only one J-class mission (that is, after the J-class Apollo 15). He postponed announcement of his Shuttle decision until the Presidential election year of 1972. By then, he had nominated and had confirmed James Fletcher as NASA’s fourth Administrator. Fletcher read Nixon’s Shuttle announcement to reporters on Jan. 5, 1972, in the place where Shuttle Orbiters would be built: California, a state critical to Nixon’s reelection bid. The Shuttle, Nixon promised, would generate thousands of aerospace jobs.
 
Daniel J. Fink, aeronautics consultant
 
Bart Barnes - Washington Post
 
Daniel J. Fink, 85, an aeronautics and aerospace consultant who from 1983 to 1988 was chairman of the NASA Advisory Council, died June 1 at a hospice in Carlsbad, Calif.
 
He died of respiratory distress related to the effects of polio suffered as a child, said his wife, Tobie Fink.
 
From 1982 to 2005, Mr. Fink operated D.J. Fink Associates consulting in Potomac. He moved from Potomac to California in 2005 and continued to operate the business there.
 
As a consultant, he had served on several boards of directors and committees. These included the Orbital Sciences Corp., the Defense Intelligence Agency Scientific Advisory Board, the Army Scientific Advisory Panel and the Defense Science Board.
 
He was a former president of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
 
Daniel Julien Fink was born in Union City, N.J. In 1948, he graduated from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he also received a master’s degree in aeronautical engineering in 1949.
 
He was an aeronautical engineer in the Boston area before moving to Washington in 1963 to work in the secretary of defense office. He was deputy director of defense research and engineering when he left in 1967 to join General Electric. He worked for GE in Pennsylvania and Connecticut until 1982, when he returned to this area and formed his own consulting business.
 
His awards included the Distinguished Public Service Medal from the Defense Department and the NASA Medal for Outstanding Leadership.
 
Survivors include his wife of 61 years, Tobie Weiss Fink of Carlsbad; three children, Kenneth Fink and Betsy Lupetin, both of West Hartford, Conn., and Karen Perlmutter of Rockville; and six grandchildren.
 
END
 
 


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